Exposing American
Arch. Jonathan Letzter, Ph.D.
My research seeks to deepen the understanding of the theory and practice of Brutalist architecture. Brutalism, emphasizing ethical and aesthetic values, emerged during the 1950s as a reaction to the Modern Movement. The main premise of Brutalism is that the exposure of materials reveals the ethics of society. I claim that the building’s physical appearance (its complexity, the playfulness of its surfaces, and its exposed construction) eventually hides, rather than reveals, its social and historical essence. Therefore, my goal is to confirm the disparity between the vision of Brutalism for exposed, ethical society, on the one hand; and the physical design that expresses the political and social outcomes on the other.
The Quality of Brutalism according to Reyner Banham:
1. Formal legibility of plan;
2. clear exhibition of structure, and
3. valuation of materials for their inherent qualities ‘as found.’
Links to Albums: Brutalist Buildings in the United States
New York
New Haven
Philadelphia
Boston
*All photos in this page are taken by the author unless stated otherwise.
Links to Albums: Brutalist Buildings in the United States
Brutalism morphology and the grid
The grid is a conceptual, morphological basic structure representing a mental state. Rosalind Krauss elaborates on the peculiar power of the grid and describes it as antinatural, antimimetic and antireal. (Krauss, 1979)
The grid flattens the surface, simplifies and rearranges the space between two-dimensional surfaces and three-dimensional volumes. It also relates to social matters of equality and equal justice in a non-hierarchial form.
In many cases, Brutalist architecture uses the strict grid as a reference for spatial perception, determining the building’s construction.
The Brutalist architectural grid representation is threefold:
1. It is an easy form to grasp
2. Enables an infinite possibility of expansion
3. Represents the repetitive industrial constructive elements.
Examples of Brutalist Grid Facade
Brutalism and housing developments in New York
My research examines the housing developments of New York, especially those constructed between the 1950s-1970s, showing the implementation of Brutalism characteristics. Housing initiatives in New York first set the layout as an off-grid / tower-in-a-park concept.
Therefore, the result is a gridded Brutalist building laid within a non-grid layout as part of the New York gridiron.
New York Gridiron
Upper East Side, Park Ave. Souce: thegreatestgrid.mcny.org/
The area around Washington Park. Souce: thegreatestgrid.mcny.org/
Off-Grid Housing
Housing developments in New York first set the layout as an off-grid / tower-in-a-park concept.
2018
1950
